Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tibet

On Aug. 20, 2009, pupils from Lhasa perform Tibetan opera in Potala Palace Square. [Photo/Xinhua]
On Aug. 20, 2009, pupils from Lhasa perform Tibetan opera in Potala Palace Square. [Photo/Xinhua]

Cultural treasures such as the Shoton snow-covered plateau, Bangdian, Thangka, Mamba opera, and the pot village have entered city life from folk culture for 50 years. Since 2005, national and autonomous regions received an investment of nearly 130 million yuan for non-heritage protection in Tibet. Nearly 800 non-heritage projects has been found, rescued, and collected. Meanwhile, 30 teaching bases of intangible cultural heritage spots have been built.

Tibetan opera originates between the 8th and 15th century. It is an art that includes folk songs, dances, orating, acrobatics, and rituals. It was included a national intangible cultural tradition in 2006.

On Aug.17, 2012, Tibetan Buddhist Exhibition ceremonies and Tibetan opera activities are held in Lhasa Drepung monastery during the Shoton festival. [Photo/Xinhua]
On Aug.17, 2012, Tibetan Buddhist Exhibition ceremonies and Tibetan opera activities are held in Lhasa Drepung monastery during the Shoton festival. [Photo/Xinhua]

Shoton Festival is a major holiday, second only to Tibetan New Year for Tibetan people. They show the Buddha as a prelude with the main content of playing opera and seeing the Tibetan masses gala party.

Sept. 26, 2014, Tibet Tashilhunpo monastery monks show "Qiangmu". [Photo/Xinhua]
Sept. 26, 2014, Tibet Tashilhunpo monastery monks show "Qiangmu". [Photo/Xinhua]

"Qiangmu" is a kind of religious dance, also known as "dancing to God". It was also included in the national intangible cultural heritage site in 2006.

On June 1, 2011, students of the second primary school in Chengguan District, Lhasa, perform traditional dance Reba on Children’s Day. [Photo/Xinhua]
On June 1, 2011, students of the second primary school in Chengguan District, Lhasa, perform traditional dance Reba on Children’s Day. [Photo/Xinhua]

Reba originated in the 11th century. It is a performance consisting of wandering folk artist team. They use tambourines, integrate art with rap, dance, acrobatics, qigong, and theater.

On April 25, 2005, students from Damxung county vocational-technical school in northern Tibet paint Thangka in Tashi. [Photo/Xinhua]
On April 25, 2005, students from Damxung county vocational-technical school in northern Tibet paint Thangka in Tashi. [Photo/Xinhua]

Thangka comes from Tibetan, meaning "Buddha's scroll painting.” It shows the contents of main Tibetan Buddhism with themes involving history, culture, medicine and other fields for 1300 years of history, known as the "Tibetan encyclopedia".

On Sept. 11, 2010, Tibetan children fly the kite in Lhasa. [Photo/ Xinhua]
On Sept. 11, 2010, Tibetan children fly the kite in Lhasa. [Photo/ Xinhua]

Kites in the Tibetan language are called "Jia bi", which means "flying paper birds", mainly popular in Lhasa, Shigase, etc, Flying skills are mainly embodied in air battles.

On May 21, 2011, workers cut the thread in the mat in Gyantse. [Photo/Xinhua]
On May 21, 2011, workers cut the thread in the mat in Gyantse. [Photo/Xinhua]

Gyantse mat has rich ethnic traditions and characteristic patterns. It has a history of 900 years. It was inscribed on the list of the national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.

On June 22, 2011, paper artist Gesangdan removes the paper with gauze in Nimu, Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]
On June 22, 2011, paper artist Gesangdan removes the paper with gauze in Nimu, Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]

Since the 8th century, for the requirements of scriptures, the Tibetan people select materials from local areas, producing unique characteristics for Tibetan paper.

On Sept. 12, 2006, a doctor makes up a prescription for a patient in a hospital in Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]
On Sept. 12, 2006, a doctor makes up a prescription for a patient in a hospital in Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]

For 2,000 years of Tibetan medicine history, the traditional medical system was gradually formed through long-term production and a lifelong practice of gathering Chinese medicine, ancient Indian medicine and ancient Arabia medicine.

On March 16, 2012, farmers from Duilong Deqing county dance pot village dance in the spring ceremony. [Photo/Xinhua]
On March 16, 2012, farmers from Duilong Deqing county dance pot village dance in the spring ceremony. [Photo/Xinhua]

The pot village dance is a folk dance for Tibetan people. The Tibetan word means circle dance, which is one of three Tibetan folk dance styles.

On March 17, 2010, a couple performs "Bang dian" in Jiedexiu town, Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]
On March 17, 2010, a couple performs "Bang dian" in Jiedexiu town, Tibet. [Photo/Xinhua]

"Bang dian" means woolen aprons, hung on a Tibetan woman’ waist for decoration with gorgeous color.

Tibet storytellers rap "King Gesar", and herders record this touching story with various types of recorders. [Photo/Xinhua]
Tibet storytellers rap "King Gesar", and herders record this touching story with various types of recorders. [Photo/Xinhua]

"Gesar" was produced about before 2000 years ago, which is evolved based on national literature of ancient Tibetan myths, legends, poetry, proverbs, etc. It mainly focuses on the story describing the son of god, a demigod hero Gesar. He subdues a demon to save the weak.

All the above traditions were included in the list of the national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.